The race for solid-state batteries has begun—who will emerge as the champion?
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Over the past few years, power battery technology has made rapid strides, yet safety concerns and range anxiety remain intractable challenges that the industry continues to grapple with.
Today, electric vehicles are experiencing strong growth, and their sales continue to reach new highs. However, safety risks associated with batteries are also cropping up one after another.
In fact, the safety risks associated with electric vehicles should be attributed to liquid lithium-ion batteries.
Once a battery is subjected to compression or impact, the separator can rupture, causing a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes. At the same time, a large amount of heat is generated inside the lithium battery, and combined with the flammable organic solvents in the liquid electrolyte, this ultimately leads to battery ignition or even explosion.
Solid-state batteries hold the promise of completely addressing safety concerns. In solid-state batteries, the positive and negative electrodes are less likely to short-circuit; moreover, the solid electrolyte is not only non-flammable and non-volatile but can also withstand high temperatures. As a result, under similarly extreme conditions, these batteries will not catch fire or explode.
Addressing range anxiety essentially relies on increasing the energy density of batteries. According to the “Technology Roadmap for Energy-Saving and New-Energy Vehicles,” the target energy density for power batteries is 400 Wh/kg by 2025 and 500 Wh/kg by 2030.
To achieve the 2030 targets, the current liquid lithium-ion battery technology route may struggle to meet the demand. Just the energy density ceiling of 350 Wh/kg is already proving difficult to break through, whereas solid-state batteries can easily surpass 350 Wh/kg in energy density.
In addition, solid-state batteries have an exceptionally long lifespan—after 30 years of use, they still retain more than 90% of their original capacity and can be recycled for further use. Thus, solid-state batteries outperform lithium-ion batteries in all aspects.
Competition, battery, solid-state, kg, energy, lithium battery, density, liquid, safety hazards, target
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